The founders of quantum chemistry were primarily physicists and applied mathematicians drawn to the subject by the richness and complexity of many electrons atomic and molecular systems. Per-Olov L"owdin, a Swedish theoretical physicist at the University of Uppsala and concurrently at the University of Florida, founded the Quantum Chemistry Department in Uppsala in 1955. Joseph Oakland (Joe) Hirschfelder, an American physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project and was a professor at the University of Wisconsin, founded the University of Wisconsin Theoretical Chemistry Institute (TCI) in 1959.
The members of TCI included applied mathematicians, physicists, engineers, and chemists. Charles Coulson, a Professor of Mathematics and the director of the Mathematical Institute at the University of Oxford, was appointed to the newly created chair of theoretical chemistry in 1972. The development of increasingly powerful computers in the 1960s influenced the development of theoretical algorithms that enabled the numerical solution of many-electron problems that could not be solved before. It is no wonder that many of the directors and heads of the first supercomputer centres were theoretical chemists. We can say that quantum chemists of those times conducted multidisciplinary research that combined applied mathematics, physics, and chemistry. The outputs of these multidisciplinary efforts were the development of Quantum Chemistry Packages that eventually became accessible to all, without the need to be a theoretician to run them.